266
as purpose, all the Foreign Population under Police supervision should, in fairness, be included in Hong-kong, as well as Shanghai. The Census Returns from which that total was taken do not profess to include soldiers and seamen. Now, the Foreign Population, including seamen and soldiers, as well as residents and others from Goa, Manila and India, has for years been more than double the number stated by Mr. JOHNSTON, and was, at the last Census, shown to be 7,699, a number which at once makes an error of more than 50 per cent in all Mr. JOHNSTON's comparative statements. (Vide Appendix A.)
5. Again, it may be true that there are 113 Europeans, and 328 Indians in the Police of Hongkong, and only 39 European Police at Shanghai, if the Consular staff, and that of the Supreme Court be omitted. It is not, however, true, as assumed by Mr. JOHNSTON (par. 7), that the Chinese portion of the force is useful only against Natives, which assertion is evidently intended to lead the reader to infer that the Foreign Police are useful only against Foreigners. There is no such distinction. The European and Native Force act indiscriminately, whether in the city, or whether in the outlying villages and harbor, which latter duties alone engage 200 of the force.
6. The proportion, therefore, of Hongkong Police to the total population-121,000-which it supervises is 1 to 191, and the proportion of Foreign Police to Foreign residents is nearly 1 to 70.
7. Misstatements of the materiel and working of the Police force are, however, of little consequence compared with the unnoticed fact that in Shanghai there is only a small level and compact space, and a native population thereon to be watched, whose comparatively peaceful and docile character enables them to be governed with peculiar facility, especially as the Chinese authorities lend material assistance on the spot. In Hongkong, there is no such help. The resident population is far larger than that under supervision of the Anglo-American Council at Shanghai, whilst it is, moreover, continually recruited with professional criminals from the most restless and turbulent Provinces of the Chinese Empire, so that Hongkong may be said to be in a constant state of siege from without.
8. In Hongkong, moreover, the hills and valleys have to be watched and patrolled. Numerous outstations are maintained, and the Police employed on many duties which never occur at all at Shanghai, and in the absence of which, it would be essentially unnecessary to maintain so large a force as is required by the special peculiarities of Hongkong, whether geographical or moral.
26.
9. Nevertheless, no ignorance of special circumstances can be held to justify a wanton distortion of statistical returns, or the incorrect statement, (par. 9), that in 1868, there were at Hongkong, 1,033 convictions of Foreigners under the head of "Murder, Manslaughter, Robbery with Violence, Assault, Larceny, Kidnapping, Unlawful Possession...
umber of Foreigners,
10. The subjoined analysis of the 1,033 convictions of percentage was not 29 as stated by Mr. JOHNSTON, but convictions is due the heads given by Mr. JOHNSTON was not 1,000, common Assault or Disturbance on board ship. (Vide Appendix B.)
20 per cent or (1a:
1868, shows that the total also shows the number of of which 2 were cases of
11. Under Piracy, Kidnapping, and Murder, which Mr. JOHNSTON puts forward so prominently (par. 9) as three of the classes of "serious" crime committed by Foreigners in Hongkong, not even one case occurred!
12. Finally, if both for Hongkong and Shanghai the cases of Assault, which are generally trivial, and unfit to be classed with Felonies, and if also the minor offences, such as Drunkenness, Refusal of Duty, &c., be deducted from the totals in each place, the serious crimes committed by Foreigners will be found to have been in the ratio of 1.5 per cent to the population in Shanghai in 1868, and of only 1 per cent to the population of Hongkong,
13. Nevertheless, Mr. JOHNSTON did not scruple to assert that the proportion of "serious crime" to Foreigners in Hongkong was 29 per cent, an inexcusable misrepresentation, which I respectfully trust this Government will cause to be corrected, as such misstatement by their Secretary in no way improves the position of the Anglo-American Council at Shanghai, a body whose excellent administration is generally acknowledged.
Appendix A)
EXTRACT from No. I-Census of HONGKONG, including the MILITARY and NAVAL DEPARTMENTS, 1st June, 1869.
No. of Houses. No. of BOATS. POPULATION. TOTAL. Europeans and Americans, Resident Population, Europeans, Military, Men. Women. Boys. Girls. Europeans and Americans, Naval Establishments, 581 68 Europeans and Americans, Crews of Mercantile Shipping in the Harbour, 323 61 Europeans and Americans, Temporary Residents, 980 228 Europeans and Americans, Prisoners, 70 3 Total of Europeans and Americans, 3,570 Goa, Manila, Indian, and others of Mixed Blood, Resident Population, 685 384 Goa, Manila, Indian, and others of Mixed Blood, Crews of Mercantile Shipping in the Harbour,.. Indians, Military, 841 Goa, Manila, Indian, and others of Mixed Blood, Prisoners, 91 4 Total of Indians, &c., 4,880 Grand Total,.. 7,199ALFRED LISTER, Acting Registrar General.
Appendix B.
RETURN of CONVICTIONS of Foreigners for Serious and Minor Crimes and Offences, during 1868, in Hongkong. Robbery with Violence. 1 Burglary. 3 Assault with Intent to rob. 04 Larceny. 1* Disturbance on board ship and Assaults. 235 Gambling. 15 Kidnapping. Manslaughter. 1 Unlawful Possession. 3 Piracy. 0 Drunkenness. 444 Nuisances. 154 Neglect and Refusal of Duty. Extortion. Rogues & Vagabonds. Damaging Property, Breath of Gaol Ordinance. 1 Breath of Public Vehicles, Ordinance. Obtaining goods under false pretences. TOTAL. 1,033 Estimate of Foreign Population, including Soldiers and Seamen, 7,199 Ratio of Convictions for Serious Crimes......... 1.0 per cent Assaults and Disturbances on board ship, Minor Offences, 4.2 per cent. 3.2 9.0 B2W. M. DEANE,
Captain Superintendent of Police.
To
The Honorable J. GARDINER AUSTIN,
Colonial Secretary,
Hongkong
Respectfully submitted,
W. M. DEANE, Captain Superintendent of Police.
Page 270
Page 271
266
aas purpose, all the Foreign Population under Police supervision should, in fairness, be included in Hong- kong, as well as Shanghai. The Census Returns from which that total was taken do not profess to inchide soldiers and seamen. Now, the Foreign Population, including seamen and soldiers, as well as residents and others from Goa, Manila and India, has for years been more than double the number stated by Mr. JOHNSTON, and was, at the last Census, shewn to be 7,699, a number which at once makes an error of more than 50 per cent in all Mr. Jonsstos's comparative statements. (Vide Appendix A.)
5. Again, it may be true that there are 113 Europeans, and 328 Indians in the Police of Hongkong, and only 39 European Police at Shanghai, if the Consular staff, and that of the Supreme Court he omitted. It is not, however, true, as assumed by Mr. JOHNSTON (par. 7), that the Chinese portion of the force is useful only against Natives, which assertion is evidently intended to lead the reader to infer that the Foreign Police are useful only against Foreigners. There is no such distinction. The European and Native Force act indiscriminately, whether in the city, or whether in the outlying villages and harbor, which latter duties alone engage 200 of the force.
6. The proportion, therefore, of Hongkong Police to the total population-121,000-which it supervises is 1 to 191, and the proportion of Foreign Police to Foreign residents is nearly 1 to 70.
7. Misstatements of the materiel and working of the Police force are, however, of little conse- quence compared with the unnoticed fact that in Shanghai there is only a small level and compact space, and a native population thereon to be watched, whose comparatively peaceful and docile character enables them to be governed with peculiar facility, especially as the Chinese authorities lend material assistance on the spot. In Hongkong, there is no such help. The resident population is far larger than that under supervision of the Anglo-American Council at Shanghai, whilst it is, moreover, continually recruited with professional criminals from the most restless and turbulent Provinces of the Chinese Empire, so that Hongkong may be said to be in a constant state of siege from without.
8. In Hongkong, moreover, the hills and valleys have to be watched and patrolled. Numerous, outstations are maintained, and the Police employed on many duties which never occur at all at Shanghai, and in the absence of which, it would be essentially unnecessary to maintain so large force as is required by the special peculiarities of Hongkong, whether geographical or moral.
26.
9. Nevertheless, no ignorance of special circumstances can be held to justify a wanton distor- tion of statistical returns, or the incorrect statement, (par. 9), that in 1868, there were at Hongkong, 1,033 convictions of Foreigners under the head of "Murder, Manslaughter, Robbery with Violence, Assault, Larceny, Kidnapping, Unlawful Posses
umber of Foreigners,
10. The subjoined analysis of the 1,033 convictions of percentage was not 29 as stated by Mr. Joussten, but convictions
is due the heads given by winwohnston was not 1,000, common Assault or Disturbance on board ship. (Vide Apendix B.)
20 per cent or (la:
1868, shows that the tot also shows the number of of which 2. were cases of
11. Under Piracy, Kidnapping, and Murder, which Mr. JOHNSTON puts forward so prominently (par. 9) as three of the classes of "serious" crime committed by Foreigners in Ilongkong, not even one case occurred!
12. Finally, if both for Hongkong and Shanghai the cases of Assault, which are generally trivial, and unfit to be classed with Felonies, and if also the minor offences, such as Drunkenness, Refusal of Duty, &c., be deducted from the totals in each place, the serious crimes committed by Foreigners will be found to have been in the ratio of 1.5 per cent to the population in Shanghai in 1868, and of only 1 per cent to the population of Hongkong,
13. Nevertheless, Mr. JOHNSTON did not scruple to assert that the proportion of "serious crime" to Foreigners in Hongkong was 29 per cent, an inexcusable misrepresentation, which I respectfully trust this Government will cause to be corrected, as such misstatement by their Secretary in no way improves the position of the Anglo-American Council at Shanghai, a body whose excellent administra- tion is generally acknowledged.
Appendix A)
EXTRACT from No. L-Census of HONGKONG, including the MILITARY and NAVAL DEPARTMENTS, 1st June, 1809.
No. of No. or
*Europeans and Americans, Resident Population, Europeans, Military,
Europeans and Americans, Naval Establishments, Europeans and Americans, Crews of Mercantile Ship-
ping in the Harbour, Europeans and Americans, Temporary Residents, Europeans and Americans, Prisoners,
Total of Europeans and Americans,
Goa, Manila, Indian, and others of Mixed Blood,
Resident Population,
Goa, Manila, Indian, and others of Mixed Blood, Crews of Mercantile Shipping in the Harbour,.. Imlians, Military,
Goa, Manila, Indian, and others of Mixed Blood,
Prisoners,
Total of Indians, &e.,.
Houses. BOATS.
:
POPULATION.
TOTAL.
Men.
Women. Boys. Girls.
1,161 523
581
68
323 GL
980 2,280
703
720
229
915
015
130
130
03
3,570
685
384
841
4,880
820
91
4)
40
997
860
862
805
18
6
10
029
00
2,509
109
47
65
2,810
Grand Total,..
7,199
ALFRED LISTER, Acting Registrur Generui.
Appendix B.
RETURN of CONVICTIONS of Foreigners for Serious and Minor Crimes and Offences, during 1868, in Hongkong.
Robbery with Violence.
Burglary.
Assault with Intent to
rob.
Larceny.
1
3
04
1*
Disturbance on board
Manslaughter.
ship and Assaults.
Gambling.
Kidnapping.
Enlawful Possession.
235
Piracy.
Drunkenness.
Nuisances.
Neglect and Refusal of
Duty.
Extortion.
Rogues & Vagabonds.
Damaging Property,
Ireach of Gaol Ordinance. Į
French of Public Vehicles,
Ordinance.
Obtaining goods ander false pretences.
TOTAL.
0
444 15
154
3
Estimate of Foreign' Population, inclurting Soldiers and Scarren, Ratio of Convictions for Serious Crines.........
Assaults and Disturbances on board ship, Minor Offences,
........
...
14
0 1,033
7,199
2.
1.0 per cent
4.2 per cent.
3.2
9,0
B2
W. M. DEANE,
Captain Superintendent of Police.
Το
The Honorable J. GARDINER AUSTIN,
Colonial Secretary,
Hongkong
Respectfully submitted,
W. M. DEANE, Captain Superintendent of Police.
Page 270Page 271
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